United Arab Emirates
UTC+4 (Gulf Standard Time)
No daylight saving time observed
Single time zone throughout the country
UAE Dirham (AED)
Symbol: د.إ
ATMs widely available and credit cards widely accepted in urban areas and tourist destinations.
December 2, 1971 (from the United Kingdom)
National Day is celebrated annually on December 2
Federation of seven emirates: Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain, Fujairah, and Ras Al Khaimah
Visa-Free Countries
Visa on Arrival Countries
E-Visa Countries
Visa Required Countries
Culture
The United Arab Emirates' culture is a fascinating blend of traditional Bedouin heritage and ultramodern cosmopolitanism. While embracing rapid modernization and global influences, the country maintains strong ties to its Arabian Peninsula roots, Islamic values, and cherished traditions that have shaped life in the region for centuries.
Key elements of Emirati culture include:
- Bedouin heritage: Many Emiratis trace their ancestry to the nomadic Bedouin tribes that roamed the desert for generations. This heritage is reflected in traditional music, poetry, dance, and values like hospitality, honor, courage, and family solidarity. The majlis (sitting room) tradition of gathering to discuss community matters remains central to Emirati social life and governance.
- Islamic influence: Islam shapes daily life, social norms, arts, and architecture throughout the UAE. The five daily prayers form a rhythm to the day, with the call to prayer heard from mosques across the country. Religious holidays like Eid Al-Fitr and Eid Al-Adha are important national celebrations. Islamic principles influence business practices, family law, and public behavior.
- Traditional arts and crafts: Despite rapid modernization, traditional crafts continue to be practiced and celebrated, including Al-Sadu (Bedouin weaving), pottery, calligraphy, pearl diving equipment, boat building (particularly dhows), and intricate metalwork. The UAE government actively supports these traditions through cultural institutions and festivals.
- Falconry: This ancient practice has deep roots in Bedouin culture and remains extremely popular. Once essential for hunting in the harsh desert environment, falconry has evolved into a prestigious sport and cultural symbol. The UAE has established breeding and conservation programs and hosts international falconry competitions.
- Traditional dress: National dress remains standard daily attire for many Emiratis. Men typically wear the kandura or dishdasha (a white ankle-length robe) with a ghutra (headscarf) secured by an agal (black cord). Women often wear the abaya (a flowing black cloak) over clothes and a shayla or hijab (head covering), with more elaborate embroidered dresses for special occasions.
Emirati cuisine reflects the country's coastal location, desert environment, and trade connections with Asia and the broader Middle East:
- Staple foods: Rice dishes form the foundation of many meals, often flavored with saffron, cardamom, and turmeric. Khubz (Arabic flatbread) accompanies most meals.
- Meat and seafood: Lamb and chicken are the most common meats, often slow-cooked with rice in one-pot dishes. Given the UAE's extensive coastline, fish and seafood feature prominently in traditional cuisine, including hammour (grouper), kingfish, and shrimp.
- Signature dishes: Notable Emirati specialties include machboos (spiced rice with meat), harees (wheat and meat porridge), luqaimat (sweet dumplings), balaleet (sweet vermicelli with eggs), and camel meat for special occasions.
- Beverages: Arabic coffee (gahwa), served from a distinctive pot (dallah) into small cups and flavored with cardamom, is central to hospitality rituals. Dates typically accompany coffee. Karak chai (strong tea with cardamom and condensed milk) has become a popular daily drink across all communities.
- Dates: With over 40 varieties grown in the UAE, dates are not just a dietary staple but a symbol of Arabian hospitality. They're consumed fresh or dried, and used in numerous sweet and savory dishes.
Modern Emirati culture is characterized by its remarkable blend of tradition and innovation. Cities like Dubai and Abu Dhabi have become global hubs for business, tourism, arts, and technology, attracting expatriates from around the world who now make up nearly 90% of the UAE's population. This cultural diversity has influenced everything from cuisine to entertainment, while the government actively promotes both cultural preservation and forward-thinking initiatives in areas like renewable energy, space exploration, and artificial intelligence. Major cultural institutions such as the Louvre Abu Dhabi, Dubai Opera, and Sharjah Art Foundation have established the UAE as a significant arts destination in the Middle East.
Tourism & Best Sites to Visit
The United Arab Emirates has transformed itself into a premier global tourist destination, offering visitors an extraordinary range of experiences from futuristic architectural marvels and luxury shopping to pristine beaches, desert adventures, and cultural heritage sites. Each emirate has its own distinct character and attractions, rewarding travelers who explore beyond the famous glittering skylines.
Here are some of the UAE's most remarkable destinations:
Burj Khalifa: As the world's tallest building at 828 meters (2,717 feet), this architectural icon has become synonymous with Dubai's ambition. Visitors can ascend to observation decks on the 124th, 125th, and 148th floors for spectacular panoramic views of the city, desert, and Arabian Gulf. The building is surrounded by the choreographed Dubai Fountain, set on the 30-acre Burj Lake, and is connected to The Dubai Mall, one of the world's largest shopping centers.
Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque: This breathtaking religious and cultural landmark in Abu Dhabi can accommodate over 40,000 worshippers. Its brilliant white marble domes, intricate floral mosaics, and reflective pools create an atmosphere of tranquility and majesty. Notable features include the world's largest hand-knotted carpet, enormous crystal chandeliers, and marble columns inlaid with semi-precious stones. The mosque welcomes visitors of all faiths and offers guided tours that provide insights into Islamic architecture and traditions.
Palm Jumeirah: This man-made island in the shape of a palm tree is one of Dubai's most ambitious engineering projects. The Palm houses luxury resorts, upscale residences, and entertainment venues along its fronds. Visitors can experience the monorail that runs down the trunk, dine at celebrity chef restaurants, enjoy exclusive beach clubs, or stay at iconic hotels like Atlantis, The Palm with its extensive water park and aquarium.
Louvre Abu Dhabi: This art and civilization museum represents a unique collaboration between the UAE and France. Designed by Pritzker Prize-winning architect Jean Nouvel, its distinctive domed roof creates a "rain of light" effect, inspired by sun rays passing through date palm fronds. The museum's collection spans human history and includes works from various cultures and periods, arranged thematically rather than chronologically, highlighting connections between different civilizations.
Al Fahidi Historical District: Also known as Al Bastakiya, this is one of Dubai's oldest heritage sites, dating back to the late 19th century. The district preserves traditional Gulf architecture with its wind towers (barjeels), narrow lanes, and courtyard houses built from coral, gypsum, and palm wood. Now home to cultural centers, museums, art galleries, and cafes, it offers a glimpse into Dubai's pre-oil era. The nearby Dubai Museum, housed in the Al Fahidi Fort (built in 1787), showcases the city's remarkable transformation from fishing village to global metropolis.
Other notable destinations include the dramatic desert landscape of Liwa Oasis, the mountain enclave of Hatta with its heritage village and dam, the archaeological sites of Mleiha documenting human settlement dating back 130,000 years, the traditional pearling town of Jazirat Al Hamra, and the fjord-like inlets and dramatic mountains of Khor Fakkan and the eastern coast.
Transportation
The United Arab Emirates boasts a modern, efficient transportation network that makes navigating between and within its emirates relatively straightforward for visitors. Substantial investment in infrastructure has created multiple options for travelers, from state-of-the-art public transit systems to luxury car services.
- Domestic flights: With the country spanning approximately 650 kilometers from its western border to the eastern coast, flying can save considerable time. Air Arabia and flydubai offer affordable domestic connections between the major emirates. The flight from Dubai to Abu Dhabi takes about 45 minutes, while Dubai to Ras Al Khaimah is approximately 40 minutes. These flights operate from the main international airports.
- Metro and tram systems: Dubai's metro system is the most developed in the region, with two lines (Red and Green) covering major business, residential, and tourist areas. The driverless, fully automated trains are clean, efficient, and feature separate Gold Class and Women & Children sections. Dubai also has a tram system connecting Dubai Marina and Al Sufouh areas. Abu Dhabi is currently constructing its own metro system, expected to be operational in phases starting in 2026.
- Buses: All emirates operate public bus services, with Dubai and Abu Dhabi having the most extensive networks. These air-conditioned buses connect various neighborhoods and can be an economical way to travel. Intercity buses operated by various companies connect all seven emirates, with frequent services between major cities. These buses are generally comfortable, with some premium options featuring wifi and entertainment systems.
- Taxis and ride-hailing: Taxis are abundant and relatively affordable throughout the UAE. They are regulated by government authorities, with standardized rates and metered fares. Most taxis are cream or silver colored, though Abu Dhabi has distinct silver and gold taxis. Several ride-hailing services operate in the UAE, including Uber, Careem (now owned by Uber), and Yango. These can be more convenient than traditional taxis, especially during peak hours.
- Car rental: Renting a car provides the most flexibility for exploring the UAE, especially for reaching areas not well-served by public transportation. An international driving license is required for most nationalities. Roads are generally excellent, with well-maintained highways connecting all emirates. GPS navigation is recommended, as is familiarizing yourself with local driving rules, which include strict speed limits enforced by numerous cameras. Fuel is relatively inexpensive compared to European or Asian prices.
- Water transport: Traditional wooden boats called abras cross Dubai Creek for a nominal fee, offering both transportation and a glimpse into the city's historic trading past. Dubai also operates water taxis, water buses, and ferry services connecting various coastal points. In Abu Dhabi, ferries connect the main island to other islands and destinations like Dalma Island and Sir Bani Yas.
Transportation tips: Consider these factors when planning travel in the UAE:
- The Nol Card in Dubai can be used across all public transportation modes (metro, tram, bus, water bus) and offers better value than purchasing individual tickets
- Taxis may be difficult to find during rush hours (8-10am and 5-8pm) and Friday evenings, particularly in Dubai and Abu Dhabi
- During the extreme summer heat (June-September), plan to minimize walking outdoors or waiting for transportation
- Public transportation schedules change during the holy month of Ramadan
- For travel between Dubai and Abu Dhabi, the intercity bus is often more convenient than renting a car, as it avoids parking concerns
Airports
The United Arab Emirates has positioned itself as a global aviation hub, with several world-class airports connecting Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. These facilities feature cutting-edge technology, exceptional passenger amenities, and serve as home bases for internationally acclaimed airlines.
- Dubai International Airport (DXB): One of the world's busiest airports for international passenger traffic, DXB consists of three terminals and handles over 90 million passengers annually in normal years. Terminal 3, dedicated to Emirates Airlines and its partners, is one of the largest airport terminals in the world. The airport features extensive duty-free shopping, premium lounges, hotels, and restaurants. Located in the heart of Dubai, it's just 5 km from the business district and connected to the city via metro, bus, and taxi services.
- Abu Dhabi International Airport (AUH): The home base of Etihad Airways features the architecturally stunning Midfield Terminal, which significantly expanded the airport's capacity. Located approximately 30 km from central Abu Dhabi, the airport offers comprehensive services including duty-free shopping, lounges, and dining options. Regular buses, taxis, and car services connect the airport to the city center and major attractions.
- Dubai World Central - Al Maktoum International Airport (DWC): This airport is part of the massive Dubai South development and is designed to eventually become the world's largest airport with a capacity of up to 260 million passengers annually. Currently handling limited passenger flights, it serves as a significant cargo hub and handles overflow from DXB during peak times or during maintenance periods. Located 37 km southwest of Dubai's center, it's connected by taxi, bus, and shuttle services.
- Sharjah International Airport (SHJ): The home base of Air Arabia, this airport is popular with budget-conscious travelers and serves over 13 million passengers annually. Located about 15 km from Sharjah city center and 30 km from Dubai, it offers an alternative for reaching the UAE's most populous emirates. Regular buses connect Sharjah Airport with Dubai and other emirates, and taxis are readily available.
- Ras Al Khaimah International Airport (RKT): This smaller airport in the northernmost emirate serves selected international destinations and charter flights, particularly from Europe and Russia. About 25 km from Ras Al Khaimah city center, it's connected by taxis and some hotel shuttle services.
Airport Transportation: Options for reaching your destination from major airports include:
- Dubai International Airport: The Red Line of Dubai Metro connects Terminals 1 and 3 directly to the city. Public buses, hotel shuttles, taxis, and ride-hailing services are all available. The journey to popular areas like Downtown Dubai takes approximately 15-25 minutes, depending on traffic.
- Abu Dhabi International Airport: Public bus A1 operates to the city center, while many hotels offer complimentary shuttle services. Taxis are readily available, with the journey to central Abu Dhabi taking about 30-40 minutes.
- Sharjah International Airport: Buses connect to Sharjah city center, Dubai, and other emirates. Taxis are available for direct transportation to your destination.
Important notes: UAE airports are known for their efficiency, but international standards of security mean you should still arrive with ample time: 3 hours for international flights and 2 hours for domestic connections. Transit passengers with layovers exceeding 6-8 hours can often take advantage of city tours or hotel day rooms offered by airlines like Emirates and Etihad. During major holidays and festivals, particularly Eid and the December/January peak season, airports can become extremely busy, so extra time should be allowed.
Visa & Travel Information
The United Arab Emirates has one of the more accessible visa policies in the Middle East, with many nationalities eligible for visa-free entry or visa on arrival. The country has continually expanded these privileges to encourage tourism and business travel as part of its economic diversification strategy.
Visa Options by Nationality
The following table outlines visa requirements for common nationalities:
| Nationality | Visa Requirement | Maximum Stay |
|---|---|---|
| GCC Citizens (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia) | Visa-Free | Unlimited |
| EU, UK, US, Australia, Singapore, Japan, etc. | Visa-Free | 30-90 days depending on nationality |
| China, Russia, South Korea, Malaysia, etc. | Visa on Arrival | 30 days (extendable) |
| India, Pakistan, Philippines, etc. | E-Visa Required | 14-30 days depending on visa type |
| Most African Countries | Visa Required | Varies by visa type |
E-Visa Process: For nationalities requiring visas, the process has been streamlined in recent years:
- Applications can be submitted online through the Federal Authority for Identity and Citizenship (ICA) portal or via UAE-based airlines when booking flights
- Tourism visas can also be arranged through hotels and tour operators in the UAE
- Required documents typically include passport copies, photographs, travel itinerary, and sometimes hotel reservations or sponsorship letters
- Processing times vary from 24-72 hours for standard applications
- Fees range from approximately 100-300 AED depending on visa type and duration
Entry requirements: All visitors to the UAE must have:
- A passport valid for at least six months beyond the intended period of stay
- Confirmed return or onward tickets (may be checked at immigration)
- Sufficient funds for the duration of stay
- Travel insurance with health coverage is highly recommended though not strictly required
Important Travel Considerations
- Currency and payments: The UAE Dirham (AED) is pegged to the US dollar at a rate of approximately 3.67 AED to 1 USD. Credit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shopping malls, with Visa and Mastercard being the most commonly used. ATMs are abundant in urban areas and most dispense cash in dirhams. While the UAE is increasingly embracing digital payments, including ApplePay and contactless systems, it's advisable to carry some cash for taxis, small shops, and markets.
- Language: Arabic is the official language, but English is widely spoken in business, tourism, and service industries. Signs are typically bilingual in Arabic and English. Other commonly spoken languages include Hindi, Urdu, Tagalog, and Malayalam, reflecting the diverse expatriate population. Learning basic Arabic greetings and phrases is appreciated but not essential for visitors.
- Health and safety: The UAE has excellent healthcare facilities, particularly in Dubai and Abu Dhabi, though medical care can be expensive. Comprehensive travel insurance is strongly recommended. The country has very low crime rates and is considered among the safest destinations globally. Tap water is generally safe to drink in major cities, though many visitors prefer bottled water, which is widely available.
- Dress code: While the UAE is relatively liberal compared to some neighboring countries, modest dress is appreciated, especially in public places, government buildings, and religious sites. For women, shoulders and knees should be covered in public areas (though swimwear is acceptable at hotel pools and beaches). Men should avoid very short shorts and sleeveless shirts in malls and public areas. More relaxed dress codes apply in tourist zones and nightlife venues.
Best time to visit: The UAE's desert climate creates distinct seasonal considerations:
- November to March: The most pleasant period with temperatures typically ranging from 15-30°C (59-86°F), making it ideal for sightseeing, desert safaris, and outdoor activities
- April, May, September, October: Transitional months with increasingly hot temperatures (25-40°C / 77-104°F) but still manageable for tourism with proper precautions
- June to August: Extremely hot and humid with temperatures regularly exceeding 40°C (104°F). Outdoor activities should be limited to early morning or evening. This period offers lower hotel rates and smaller crowds, with excellent indoor entertainment options (shopping malls, museums, indoor theme parks)
Cultural etiquette: The UAE blends traditional Arab courtesy with international business practices:
- Public displays of affection should be minimal, with holding hands being the most acceptable for couples
- During Ramadan, eating, drinking, or smoking in public during daylight hours should be avoided
- Alcohol is available in licensed venues (hotels, specific restaurants) but public intoxication is not tolerated
- Photography permissions should be respected, particularly for government buildings, military installations, and airports
- When invited to an Emirati home, small gifts are appreciated; shoes are typically removed when entering
- Business interactions often begin with social conversation, and patience during meetings is valued
