Bhutan's culture is one of the most well‑preserved in the world, largely due to its historical isolation and the country's unique philosophy of Gross National Happiness. Bhutanese culture is deeply influenced by Tibetan Buddhism, which is evident in every aspect of daily life.

Key elements of Bhutanese culture include:

• Gross National Happiness (GNH): Bhutan's development philosophy that prioritizes happiness and well‑being over material growth. This concept guides governance and national policy.
• Buddhism: The state religion, Vajrayana Buddhism, influences everything from architecture to daily rituals. Monasteries (dzongs) serve as religious, administrative, and social centers.
• Traditional dress: Bhutanese people wear the gho (men) and kira (women)—mandatory attire in government buildings, schools, and formal settings.
• Arts and crafts: The Zorig Chusum (thirteen traditional arts) include painting, woodcarving, embroidery, and statue‑making.

Bhutanese festivals (tshechus) are colorful celebrations featuring masked dances, religious ceremonies, and social gatherings. The most famous is the Paro Tshechu, held annually in spring.

Bhutanese cuisine reflects the country's geography and climate:

• Ema Datshi: Chili peppers and cheese, often served with red rice.
• Momos: Dumplings filled with meat or vegetables.
• Phaksha Paa: Pork cooked with spicy red chilies and mountain vegetables.
• Suja: Butter tea made with tea, butter, and salt.
• Ara: Rice‑, maize‑, or wheat‑based traditional alcoholic beverage.

Bhutan is carbon‑negative, with over 70% forest cover (constitutionally mandated at 60%), making it a global leader in sustainability.